Stock Exchange......

Zunair Ibrar · 01-10-2006, 06:53 PM

AOA
hi Students and Respected seniors...
i am going to take the examination of A3 Inrtoduction to econimcs and finance ....
it got a topic named "Stock Exchange"
Will any among of you will guide me About the WORKIGN OF STOCK EXCHANGE
regards... 

Muhammad Zuanir Ibrar

Nauman · 01-10-2006, 07:01 PM

Zunair the Economics and Finance paper does not test you on the working of stock exchange, all you need to know is that Shares are traded through stock exchange and it is part of the capital market. As far as working is concerned you will study that in D10 (Company Law) paper.

Regards
Nauman-ul-Haq

Zunair Ibrar · 01-10-2006, 07:03 PM

Thank you very much guiding my Nauman
thanks but i am interested in working only for my knowledge...
thnks again

Muhammad Zuanir Ibrar

accountant1 · 01-10-2006, 09:26 PM

What is the Stock Exchange?
The stock exchange can be best defined as
An organized marketplace for securities featured by the centralization of supply and demand for the transaction of orders by member brokers for institutional and individual investors.
The Stock Exchange can be also seen as a control to regulate the Marketplace where listed public companies and traders buy and sell shares.

There are three Stock Exchanges in Pakistan, namely

1. Karachi Stock Exchange; formed in 1947,
2. Lahore Stock Exchange; formed in 1971,
3. Islamabad Stock Exchange; formed in 1989.

Out of all the three Exchanges, the Karachi Stock Exchange is the premiere Stock Exchange of the country, with over 700 listed companies. It was established soon after the creation of Pakistan.

Trading and Settlement
The stock exchanges have introduced a computerized trading system to provide a fair, transparent, efficient and cost effective market mechanism to facilitate the investors.
The trading system comprises of four distinct segments, which are
i) T+3 Settlement System
In the T+3 settlement system, purchase and sale of securities is netted and the balance is settled on the third day following the day of trade.

Benefits of T+3 Settlement System
It reduces the time between execution and settlement of trades, which in turn reduces the market risk. It reduces settlement risk, as the settlement cycle is shorter.

ii) Provisionally Listed Counters
The shares of companies, which make a minimum public offering of Rs.100 million, are traded on this segment from the date of publication of offering documents. When the company completes the process of dispatch/credit of allotted shares to subscribers, through CDC it is officially listed and placed on the T+3 counter. Trading on the provisionally listed counter then comes to an end and all the outstanding transactions are transferred to the T+3 counter with effect from the date of official listing.

iii) Spot/T+1 Transactions
Spot transactions imply delivery upon payment. Normally in spot transactions the trade is settled within 24 hours.

iv) Futures Contract
A Futures contract involves purchase and sale of a financial or tangible asset at some future date, at a price fixed today

What are Shares?
The term âsharesâ can be best defined as ârepresented ownership in part of a company. When you buy a share in a company you become a joint owner of the business and share in the future of that business. This is also known as equityâ

why Do companies issues shares?
Companies issue shares to raise money from investors. This money is used for the development and growth of businesses of companies.

A Company can issue different types of shares such as ordinary shares, preference shares, shares without voting rights or any other shares as are permissible under the law. These give shareholders a stake in the companyâs equity as well as a share in its profits, in the form of dividends, and a voting right at general meetings of shareholders.

Tips for Investing Wisely
When trading in the Stock Market, one should avoid,
Greed; being greedy can be a problem as it corrupts wisdom,
Making the same mistake twice,
Following the crowd, as the loss at the end is of the individual and not the crowd itself,
Putting all your âeggs in one basketâ. You should diversify and spread your investment,
Using rumors as tips, as this can result in losses. A tip can end up as a âpitâ,
Emotions; being emotional can effect reasoning. Traders should use research backed by fundamental reasoning.
Impatience; patience pays, perseverance gains,
Over borrowing; loan repayment is not an investment.

When trading in the Stock Market, one should remember,

Information; it must be checked. Opinion, facts or fiction? Act accordingly,
Knowledge; Stock Market principles and practices are unique. Master its cycles, its ups and downs,
Wisdom; success depends on your discipline and self improvement,
Action plans; plan a scheme, act and follow through. Have options and tactics to win the Stock Market game,
Shrewd and Thrifty; be prudent with your money. Avoid stocks that are overvalued but keep the cash or save for other investments,
Stock Value; be aware of stockâs true value, despite its ups and downs,
Risk Vs. Reward; minimize your risk, maximize your returns,
Investment protection; safety of your portfolio and Share Capital is more important.
A good example of understanding the above can be in the case of Hersheyâs. Just because the chocolate tastes good does not mean that the position of the company is strong. A point should be made that the product of a company does not provide merit to its strength in the index.

Ownership of Shares
Each share represents a small stake in the equity of a company. You can buy large or small lots to match the amount of money you want to invest. A companyâs share price can rise or fall as a result of its own performance or market conditions.
Once the shares are brought and transferred in your name your name will be entered in the companyâs share register, which will entitle you to receive all the benefits of share ownership including the rights to receive dividends, to vote at the companyâs general meetings and to receive the companyâs reports.

If you decide to sell your shares you will need to deliver share certificates to the broker in time for the transaction to be completed.

With the introduction of the Central Depository System (CDS), an investor can have shares in paper form or can own shares in an electronic book- entry form at the Central Depository Company (CDC)

*A careful study of economics usually reveals that the best time to buy anything is last year
*Opportunist- a person who starts taking bath if he accidentally falls into a river
*Atom Bomb is an invention to end all inventions
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Sahar_M · 01-12-2006, 06:56 PM

nerd




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Y is the WorLd so full of ..........FOOLs ?????? n y am I one of them (
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